Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used as the parameter of arterial stiffness. We aim to demonstrate the association of CAVI with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) event. Total of 177 participants were randomly recruited and underwent anthropometric and CAVI measurement. Fasting blood samples were collected for all biochemical markers determination. Participants were classified into 2 groups based on CAVI measurement. Age, BP, mean arterial pressure, TC, TG, LDL-C, hs-CRP, insulin, HOMA-IR were significantly higher and BMI, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in participants with CAVI>0.9 (arterial stiffness). CAVI was correlated with Age, BMI, MAP, TC, HDL-C and hs-CRP (p<0.05). Multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses of the significant variables showed that the independent predictors of arterial stiffness were Age (b=0.348, R²=0.306, p<0.001), hs-CRP (b=0.120, R² =0.407, p<0.001), BMI (b=-0.283, R²=0.445, p<0.001), HDL-C (b=-0.250, R²=0.480, p<0.001), TC (b=0.156, R²=0.504, p<0.001) and MAP (b=0.148, R² =0.522, p<0.001). CAVI was associated with CVD risk factors and could be used to assess arterial stiffness and to evaluate as a risk factor in asymptomatic patients.

Background: The complexities of diagnostic haematopathology are well known, and even in this molecular era, immunophenotypic studies together with routine histopathology remain critical components in the evaluation of lymphoid proliferations. Immunohistochemistry refines diagnoses, impacts therapeutics, and influences prognosis. Aims: This study aimed to review the histomorphology of nodal and extranodal malignant lymphomas and correlate histopathologic diagnoses with immunohistochemistry (IHC) results in malignant nodal and extranodal lymphomas. Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated the role of IHC in diagnosing malignant lymphomas at Triesta Reference Laboratory, Health Care Global – Bangalore Institute of Oncology. Ethical approval was obtained, and 100 patients diagnosed between January 2009 to July 2009 were included. These patients visited Health Care Global – Bangalore Institute of Oncology (HCG-BIO) out-patient departments, and cases were referred from HCG branches all over India, hospitals, and laboratories in and around Bangalore for review. Clinical information, histopathological, and IHC slides were systematically collected. Data, including demographics, symptoms, imaging findings, and follow-up information, were analyzed using SPSS 18. IHC utilized a panel of antibodies, and tests for proportions assessed concordance and discordance between diagnostic methods. Results: In the study of 100 cases, 82 were nodal lymphomas, among which 11 were of Hodgkin’s type and 71 of non-Hodgkin’s type (57 B-cell, 12 T-cell, and 2 gray zone lymphomas). Additionally, 18 cases were extranodal, encompassing Diffuse Large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), Lymphoblastic Lymphomas (LBL), Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphomas (MALToma), and Marginal Zone Lymphomas (MZL). The concordance between histopathological diagnosis and IHC results was 75%, demonstrating significant overall agreement (p<0.001). Conclusion: Precise diagnosis and classification of lymphomas are imperative for tailored management, particularly in emergency oncologic scenarios. IHC is essential and integral to lymphoma diagnosis.

Background: Smartphone usage has increased dramatically among young adults. Prolonged use of smartphones, especially in poor postural positions, may contribute to neck pain and musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between smartphone usage duration and neck pain among young adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 young adults aged 18–30 years. Participants completed a structured questionnaire including demographic characteristics, average daily smartphone usage, and neck pain assessment using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Smartphone usage was categorized into <3 hours/day, 3–5 hours/day, 5–7 hours/day, and >7 hours/day. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Pearson correlation. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 200 participants, 118 (59%) reported neck pain. Neck pain prevalence increased significantly with increasing smartphone usage duration (p<0.001). A positive correlation was observed between smartphone usage hours and VAS pain score (r=0.48). Conclusion: Excessive smartphone use was significantly associated with increased prevalence and severity of neck pain among young adults. Awareness regarding proper ergonomics and reduction of prolonged smartphone use may help prevent neck-related musculoskeletal disorders.