This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa on blood glucose, plasma insulin, tissue lipid profile, and lipidperoxidation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Aqueous extract of Polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa was administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The different doses of Polyherbal formulation on blood glucose and plasma insulin in diabetic rats were studied and the levels of lipid peroxides and tissue lipids were also estimated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The  effects  were  compared  with tolbutamide. Treatment with  Polyherbal formulation  and  tolbutamide resulted in  a significant reduction of blood glucose and increase in plasma insulin. Polyherbal formulation also resulted in a significant decrease in tissue lipids and lipid peroxide formation. The decreased lipid peroxides and tissue lipids clearly showed the antihyperlipidemic and antiperoxidative effect of Polyherbal formulation apart from its antidiabetic effect.

In the ethanol-induced ulcer protocol, Garcinia mangostana crude extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the lesion index, the total lesion area and the percentage of lesion, in comparison with control group. In indomethacin- induced ulcer only the treatments with  500 mg/kg  of  Garcinia mangostana extract  and  100 mg/kg  of cimetidine reduced significantly in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the stress-induced ulcer protocol, it was observed a  significant reduction  (p < 0.05)  in  lesion  index,  total  lesion area and in the percentage of lesion in animals treated with Garcinia mangostana crude extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) and cimetidine (100 mg/kg), In the gastric secretion determination model, using ligated pylorus, the treatment with Garcinia mangostana crude extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) and cimetidine (100 mg/kg), respectively, reduced the volume of gastric juice, total acidity and raised gastric pH appreciably.

Zea mays (cv. 777 ) seedlings precultured in hydroponic culture were treated with Excess (100 μ M) supply of Ni for 16  days  with  complete  basal nutrient  solution.  The  studies  on    fresh  and  dry  matter  yield,  plant  growth  ,tissue concentration of chlorophylls,carotenoids,extent of lipid per oxidation and soluble proteins was done. Several metabolic parameters representative of oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in plants were regularly studied after the metal treatment.. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity ,catalase ,ascorbate peroxidase (APX) ,H2O2  and lipid per oxidation was measured. The results are discussed with regard to nickel induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that Ni reduces maize growth by a reduction in root mitotic activity, probably because of direct action on the meristem.Excess supply of nickel decreased the activity of catalase activity and other antioxidant enzymes : SOD and APX.The concentration of  H2O2 and lipid per oxidation was increased.

The present study aimed to investigate the possible interference of cisplatin or carboplatin on anti-oxidant enzyme defense system in liver, kidney and testis of male rats. Rats were divided into three groups consisting of eight animals in each group. The rats in the first group were served as control and received 0.9% of normal saline only. The rats in the second group were received cisplatin (3 mg/kg body wt) only. The rats in the third group were received carboplatin (10 mg/kg body wt) respectively. Injections were given intra-peritoneally to rats on 1st, 3rd and 5th day of experimentation. On 45th day of experiment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. GST activity in the cytosol fraction of the tissues were assayed by using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitro benzene at 340 nm. Catalase activities in the tissues were assayed by Chance and Machly method. The levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver, kidney and testes were measured in terms of malondialdehyde content and determined by using the thiobarbituric acid reagent. From the study it may be concluded that male rats treated with platinum compounds causes reduction in activities of antioxidant enzyme system with an increase in products of lipid peroxidation in various tissues of rats which ultimately leads to cellular peroxidation and damage in the tissues

A series of chalconesemicarbazones was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-nociceptive activities. Most of the compounds were found to be more or comparable potent than the reference standard drug in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Based on the results of anti-nociceptive study, 1-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene]-4- (2-methylphenyl) semicarbazide (11) was the most active compound.

The present study was carried out to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activity of seeds of Abrus pulchellus Wall and Abrus precatorius Linn. The powdered seed materials were extracted using methanol solvent. The antibacterial activity  was  tested  against  Staphylococcus  aureus  MTCC-902,  Escherichia  coli  MTCC-405  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC-1934 by Agar well diffusion method. The antifungal activity was determined in terms of inhibition of mycotic infection of Jowar seeds using standard blotter method. S. aureus was inhibited to more extent than E. coli and P. aeruginosa as revealed by greater inhibition zone around the wells. Among extracts, A. pulchellus inhibited test bacteria to more extent than A. precatorius. Antifungal activity of extracts revealed inhibition of fungal growth on seeds. In extract treated seeds, 100% germination was recorded and seed infection was considerably lesser when compared to control (10% DMSO). Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins in both the extracts. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in the crude methanolic extract. Further studies on isolation of active constituents responsible for the activities and field trials using extract treated seeds are under investigation.

The present study aimed to investigate the possible interference of carboplatin on spermatogenisis and to investigate the protective role of testosterone against carboplatin mediated impairment of spermatogenisis. Rats were divided into three groups consisting of eight animals in each group. The rats in the first group were served as control and received 0.9% of normal saline only. The rats in the second group were received carboplatin (10 mg/kg body wt) only. The rats in the third  group  were  received  carboplatin  (10  mg/kg  body  wt)  and  testosterone  (4.16  mg/kg  body  wt)  respectively. Injections were given intra-peritoneally to rats on 1st,  3rd and 5th day of experimentation. On 45th day of experiment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Epididymal sperm counts and evaluation of sperm motility were done by the method of Belsey (1980). Sperm viability was determined by the method of Talbot and Chacon (1981) and the percent of sperm coiling was determined by the method of Jeyendran (1984). 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β- HSD; EC.1.1.1.51) and 17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase   (17β-HSD; EC.1.1.1.64) were assayed by the method of Berg  Meyer  (1974).  The  study  shows  that  carboplatin  treatment  has  led  to  many  reproductive  abnormalities. Testosterone administration along with carboplatin, caused partial restoration of reproductive abnormalities in experimental rats.

As per the earlier findings, the principle of CENTRAL DOGMA clears each & every aspect of protein formation which include the process of Transcription & Translation .With the latest evolution it was studied that NF-kb is one of the eukaryotic transcription factors , which consists of a protein complex that controls the process of copying DNA. We have this factor in almost all types of animal cells & plays an important role in the cellular reponses to some stimuli such as stress , cytokines , free radical , oxidized low density lipoproteins , bacterial and viral antigens. Incorrect regulation of NF-kb may also leads to –cancer , inflammation , autoimmune disease , septic shock , viral infection , improper immune development