International Journal of

Toxicological and Pharmacological Research

e-ISSN: 0975 5160

p-ISSN: 2820-2651

Peer Review Journal

Disclaimer: Scopus, Embase, Publons and Crossref are registered trademark of respective companies.

This journal is member of Crossref. 

1. A Clinical Study of Maternal and Foetal Outcomes of Cases with Hypothyroidism
S. Greeshma, Manaswini K
Abstract
Background: Thyroid disorders are common during pregnancy. The availability of thyroid hormones is essential for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal growth and development. Overt hypothyroidism is associated with various obstetric and child development complications. Emerging research suggests that even mild thyroid dysfunction can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and maintenance of normal thyroid hormone levels can significantly reduce risks for both mother and fetus, ensuring a safer pregnancy and reducing complications. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 50 pregnant patients from the obstetric outpatient department of the Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) tests were performed during the first antenatal visit along with routine obstetrical examinations. Patients were monitored until delivery, with those diagnosed with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine treatment. Results: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in pregnant women, with a significant proportion of cases (50%) detected during pregnancy. The highest prevalence was observed in women aged 26-30, followed by 31-35. Early screening and diagnosis of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are crucial, with a majority of cases (48%) detected in the first trimester. Maternal hypothyroidism can increase the risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. Conclusions: Pregnant women should undergo thyroid function screening at their first outpatient visit to detect hypothyroidism and receive appropriate treatment to prevent maternal and fetal complications.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

2. Etiology and Management of Anterior Uveitis: A Clinical Study
Rafiya Sarfaraz Shaikh, Anupam Kumar Singh, Sachin Sundarrao Pandhare
Abstract
Background: Uveitis is a complex intraocular inflammatory condition with various etiological factors Anterior uveitis is the most common form of uveitis. The inflammation may be triggered by an infectious agent or trauma, but in some instances, it is suspected to have an autoimmune origin. This study aimed to assess the etiological patterns, treatment outcomes, and complications of anterior uveitis. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology. Patients aged 20-60 years presenting with anterior uveitis were included. Comprehensive clinical evaluations and investigations were carried out to determine the underlying causes. Patients received specific and non-specific treatments and were followed for 6 months. Complications were recorded. Results:  A total of 40 cases were included in the study. Most anterior uveitis cases occur in middle-aged adults (31-50 years), with fewer cases in younger and older age groups. There is no strong preference for the involvement of either the right or left eye, suggesting that anterior uveitis can affect both eyes with similar frequency. The most common cause of anterior uveitis is idiopathic, meaning the underlying cause remains unknown. However, other factors, including inflammatory conditions, infectious agents, and lens-related issues, can also contribute to the development of the disease. The specific management approach for anterior uveitis will depend on the underlying cause. Treatment may involve medications, corticosteroids, or in some cases, surgical intervention. Conclusion: The primary cause of anterior uveitis remained unidentified in many cases. Comprehensive examination and investigations are essential for accurate diagnosis. Timely treatment leads to favorable visual outcomes, though chronic and recurrent cases often result in ocular morbidity.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

3. A Study to find the Comparative Effects of Buprenorphine and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia among Senior Male Individuals having Transurethral Resection of Prostate
B.E.V. Girish, Zohra Mehdi, PSM Rama Ganesh, Padmalatha Seelam
Abstract
Introduction: The prostate is vital for male fertility, and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a gold-standard procedure for treating moderate to severe LUTS and complications from BPH. Spinal anesthesia (SA) is preferred for TURP, with adjuvants like Buprenorphine or Dexmedetomidine enhancing analgesic duration and minimizing local anesthetic dosage. Methods: This prospective study, conducted at NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, involved 18 to 60 year old patients undergoing TURP under GA. Participants were randomized into two groups: Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric Buprenorphine and Dexmedetomidine, while Group B received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Buprenorphine intrathecally. Sensory and motor block durations were assessed. Results: The mean age was 54.8 ± 8.7 years in Group A and 56.2 ± 9.6 years in Group B, with no significant differences in age or surgery duration. Time to S1 regression was similar between groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in mean motor recovery time and first postoperative analgesic requirement. Conclusion: The study shows that dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia, significantly prolongs motor recovery time compared to buprenorphine. This highlights the impact of adjuvant choice on motor block duration, reinforcing dexmedetomidine’s potential in prolonging spinal anesthesia, especially important for optimizing care in elderly patients.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

4. A Study on Coadministration of Phenylephrine with Oxytocin in the Prevention of Oxytocin-Induced Hypotension in Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia
Saladi Aruna Kumari, Rudraraju Sri Soumya, P Lavanya, Pidugu Bhavani
Abstract
Introduction: Oxytocin, used during Caesarean sections (CSs) under spinal anesthesia (SA) to reduce postpartum hemorrhage, can cause hypotension. To counteract this, phenylephrine, an α1-adrenergic agonist, is often coadministered. This study examines the efficacy and safety of combining phenylephrine with oxytocin to improve maternal hemodynamic stability during Caesarean sections. Methods: This prospective randomized study, approved by the ethics committee, was conducted at KIMS. Parturients with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies undergoing elective or emergency CSs were included. They were randomized into two groups receiving different phenylephrine doses with oxytocin. Parameters were monitored, and adverse effects were managed accordingly. Results: Statistically there was no significant difference in the mean duration of the surgery, extraction time of baby.  In group A, 30 (37.5%) were identified with hypotension and it was 6.25% (5) in groups; statistically there was significant association. There were more episodes of hypertension in group A and statistically there was significant difference between groups. Conclusion: This study confirms that phenylephrine is significantly more effective than ephedrine in preventing hypotension during cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. The findings align with existing literature, demonstrating phenylephrine’s superior ability to maintain maternal hemodynamic stability, thereby supporting its use in clinical practice for optimal outcomes.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

5. Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Organisms in Surgical Site Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Shaik Nawaz Sharif, P Suseela Kumari, Suvarna Kala Vaddi
Abstract
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major healthcare challenge, driven by diverse bacterial pathogens with complex resistance patterns. The rise of multidrug-resistant organisms, such as MRSA and resistant Gram-negative bacteria, necessitates ongoing surveillance and tailored antibiotic therapy. This study evaluates the bacteriology and antimicrobial resistance in SSIs to guide effective treatment and prevention strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at Government Medical College, Anantapuram from January to December 2023, assessed SSIs in patients over 15 years old. Wound samples were cultured and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The study included 200 patients, with 54% female. Culture positivity rates were 29% in males and 37% in females, with no significant difference. Diabetes mellitus (16%) and anemia (13.5%) were common risk factors. Among isolates, 43.18% were Gram-positive cocci (GPC) and 56.81% Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). GPC showed highest susceptibility to Vancomycin and GNB to Meropenem. A total of 132 multidrug-resistant strains were identified, with 43% being GNB and 31.8% GPC. Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in postoperative wound infections, notably MRSA and Gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vancomycin effectively treated all S. aureus isolates, while GNB showed high susceptibility to imipenem, amikacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, despite some imipenem resistance. Continuous surveillance and tailored therapy are crucial.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

6. A Study on Coadministration of Phenylephrine with Oxytocin in the Prevention of Oxytocin-Induced Hypotension in Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia
Saladi Aruna Kumari, Rudraraju Sri Soumya, P Lavanya, Pidugu Bhavani
Abstract
Introduction: Oxytocin, used during Caesarean sections (CSs) under spinal anesthesia (SA) to reduce postpartum hemorrhage, can cause hypotension. To counteract this, phenylephrine, an α1-adrenergic agonist, is often coadministered. This study examines the efficacy and safety of combining phenylephrine with oxytocin to improve maternal hemodynamic stability during Caesarean sections. Methods: This prospective randomized study, approved by the ethics committee, was conducted at KIMS. Parturients with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies undergoing elective or emergency CSs were included. They were randomized into two groups receiving different phenylephrine doses with oxytocin. Parameters were monitored, and adverse effects were managed accordingly. Results: Statistically there was no significant difference in the mean duration of the surgery, extraction time of baby.  In group A, 30 (37.5%) were identified with hypotension and it was 6.25% (5) in groups; statistically there was significant association. There were more episodes of hypertension in group A and statistically there was significant difference between groups. Conclusion: This study confirms that phenylephrine is significantly more effective than ephedrine in preventing hypotension during cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. The findings align with existing literature, demonstrating phenylephrine’s superior ability to maintain maternal hemodynamic stability, thereby supporting its use in clinical practice for optimal outcomes.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

7. Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Post Menopausal Women: A Cross Sectional Study
Reema R Gorte, Avinash Tekade
Abstract
Background: Various changes in body composition and body fat distribution significantly notable during menopause transition. Recently changes in body composition in post-menopausal women has gained importance in the research field. Objectives: The aim was to determine the body composition in post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women of age 45 to 60 years and fifty premenopausal women of age 35 to 45 years were selected for the study. Body composition parameters recorded by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: In postmenopausal women, body mass index was significantly higher than premenopausal women (p=0.013). Body fat percentage was significantly higher in postmenopausal women (p=0.043). In postmenopausal women, lean body mass percentage was significantly lower than premenopausal women (p=0.043). Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that change in body composition is due to  menopausalstatus, age, health and life style factors.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

8. Decoding Sepsis: Unveiling the Secrets of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Septic Patients – A Prospective Study
Kandarp Bhupatrai Dhanani, Sanjaykumar Somsingbhai Rathwa, Darsh Girishbhai Vaghani
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is one of the top causes of hospital-related mortality worldwide, and tropical countries bear a significant portion of the burden. Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABGA) is an essential investigation for sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) because it reveals the acid-base status and electrolyte levels, and this study aims to assess the ABGA parameters of sepsis patients and their relationship with mortality. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 patients over the age of 18 who had sepsis in a tertiary care center’s ICU. Each patient underwent a microbiological examination to isolate the causal pathogen, and all individuals received an APACHE II score. The relationship between the end outcome and the ABGA parameters, MODS, and APACHE II score was calculated. Results: The majority of patients were older than 60, with a male preponderance. Twenty-six percent of individuals had MODS, and 61.53% died. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common cause, with Klebsiella infecting 22% of sepsis patients. The two most prevalent acid-base diseases were primary respiratory alkalosis with secondary metabolic acidosis and primary metabolic acidosis with secondary respiratory alkalosis. Conclusions: Tropical sepsis is a condition unique to nations such as India, and it demands special attention since it differs from non-tropical sepsis in terms of pCO2, bicarbonate level, and anion gap. The onset of MODS and a rising APACHE II score were independent predictors of mortality in these patients.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

9. Prevalence of HCV Infection in Adult Patients and Viral Response to Antiviral Treatment at Tertiary Care Center
Rutu Chapla, Hiral Gadhavi, Hitesh Shingala
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently the most significant public health problem globally and also in India. HCV is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis worldwide and an important risk factor for progression to advanced entities such as liver cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Aims and Objectives: The present study deals with prevalence of HCV infection in adult patients and determines the effectiveness of treatment with Directly Acting Anti-viral Drugs (DAA) by undetectable HCV RNA in blood at the end of treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 10,000 patients whose serum samples underwent the anti HCV ELISA testing were enrolled in the study. Anti HCV antibody production was tested by using 3rd generation ELISA and HCV RNA detection was performed by RT PCR.HCV RNA positive patients were given anti-viral treatment for 3 months. After 12 weeks of completion of treatment for HCV infection, patient’s samples were tested again for HCV RNA in plasma by RT-PCR for monitoring effectiveness of treatment. Results: The seroprevelence of HCV infection was 0.8%.The positive rate of anti –HCV antibodies were higher among males of 18-30 years of age. The most probable risk factor for HCV transmission was blood transfusion due to thalassemia which was seen in 31.25%.Among the anti-HCV positive patients, the HCV RNA positive rate was 66.25%. After the treatment with DAA in HCV RNA positive patients Sustained Virological Response (SVR) was achieved in 91% of patients. Conclusion: The seroprevelence of HCV infection was 0.8%.Approximately 66.25% of the anti-HCV positive patients also tested positive for HCV PCR. This positive correlation between serum anti-HCV and HCV PCR improve screening and facilitates timely intervention to prevent the spread of infection. And HCV PCR is highly sensitive and specific for detecting active infection and monitoring viral response after treatment with DAA.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

10. A Comparative Clinical Study of Efficacy of 0.75% Isobaric Ropivacaine versus 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Elective Caesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia
Durgam Sunitha, Dharmapuri Apoorva
Abstract
Background: The use of neuraxial anesthesia, such as spinal anesthesia, has become increasingly popular for elective cesarean sections. Local anesthetics are crucial in providing effective pain relief during these procedures. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine are two commonly used local anesthetics with different properties. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in providing spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean sections. The current study aimed to compare the clinical effects of 2ml of 0.75% intrathecal isobaric Ropivacaine with 2ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine for elective cesarean section. Methods: N=100 parturients belonging to ASA physical status I & II scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomly selected for the study and were divided into two groups of 30 each Group B patient received 2ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine intrathecally. Group R patients received 2ml of 0.75% isobaric Ropivacaine intrathecally  Onset and duration of sensory block, onset and duration of motor block, maximum height of sensory block, quality of anesthesia, and time of request for analgesia, hemodynamic parameters and adverse effects if any were studied. Results: There was no significant difference in the onset of sensory block at T8 between the two groups: 158.40±41.89 sec with Bupivacaine and 174.00±44.12 sec with Ropivacaine (P=0.073). Maximum sensory height was higher in group R (T2-T6) than in group B (T4-T6) (P<0.001). The duration of sensory block was similar between groups, while motor block onset was faster in group B (P<0.001). Motor block duration was longer in group B (P<0.001). Analgesia request time, hemodynamic parameters, and side effects were comparable. Conclusion: Ropivacaine 15 mg (2 ml of 0.75% isobaric Ropivacaine) provides a comparable quality of sensory block but has a slower onset and significantly shorter duration of motor block compared to Bupivacaine.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

11. Dermatological Health Status in Southern Rajasthan: Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Disease Duration
Sonakshi Pargi, Bhagyashree Garasia, Amrit Kumar Gausai, Harendra Meena, Ronak Jain
Abstract
In a tribal region in Southern Rajasthan, 105 dermatological patients participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study to examine their illness and quality of life. There were 56 men and 49 women in the sample. With 42 cases of dermatitis and 15 cases of psoriasis, respectively, these two disorders were the most common. Most skin problems (63 individuals) persisted for six months to a year. Only a tiny percentage (18 instances) had genital involvement. According to the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), intermediate severity was the most prevalent and showed substantial consequences on quality of life. The study emphasises how significantly skin illnesses impair patients’ quality of life.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

12. Impact of Audiovisual Film on Preoperative Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia
Manisha Vilasrao Phulbone, Kanchan Ravindra Rupwate, Anil Gorakshanath Korade
Abstract
Background: Preoperative anxiety is known to negatively impact the outcomes of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Audiovisual educational tools have demonstrated greater efficacy in alleviating anxiety compared to conventional verbal explanations. Aims: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an audiovisual film in alleviating preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 260 patients undergoing elective surgery with spinal anesthesia. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group received verbal information regarding the anesthesia procedure, while the other was provided with information via an audiovisual film. Anxiety levels were assessed at three time points—baseline, one hour prior to surgery, and postoperatively—using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) and the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Patients who watched the audiovisual film exhibited significantly lower anxiety scores than those who received verbal information, as measured by APAIS and VAS-A (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients in the film group reported higher satisfaction with the information provided. Conclusion: Audiovisual films are a highly effective approach to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Integrating these tools into preoperative care protocols may enhance patient satisfaction and improve overall outcomes.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

13. Comparison of Clinico- Demographic and Lung Spirometry Profile Between Non- Smoker versus Smoker COPD Patients
Mayurbhai Balabhai Mori, Chavda Bhargav Sanjaybhai, Fenil Alkeshbhai Raveshiya, Miral Shantilal Hadiyal
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with smoking being the leading risk factor. However, non-smokers, particularly those exposed to biomass fuel, occupational hazards, or second-hand smoke, also contribute significantly to the disease burden. This study aims to compare the clinico-demographic and lung spirometry profiles between non-smoker and smoker COPD patients, highlighting the differences in risk factors, symptom presentation, and disease severity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center, including 200 COPD patients diagnosed through clinical features and spirometry. Patients were divided into two groups: smokers and non-smokers. Data on clinical symptoms, demographic factors, and lung function (via spirometry and GOLD classification) were collected. Non-smokers were those exposed to biomass or occupational risks, while smokers had a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the two groups, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: In our study, 67% of the COPD patients were smokers, and 33% were non-smokers. The majority of smokers (99 out of 134) were classified as GOLD 3, with 17 in GOLD 4, while non-smokers were primarily in GOLD 3 (39 out of 66), with only 2 in GOLD 4 (p < 0.001). Non-smokers had significant risk factors like biofuel exposure (71.2%), second-hand smoke (15.2%), and underlying causes (13.6%). Smokers experienced more severe symptoms, including cough (102 out of 134), sputum (73), and chest tightness (42), compared to non-smokers (p-values ranging from 0.011 to 0.034). Additionally, 116 smokers had 3-5 acute exacerbations compared to 44 non-smokers (p = 0.001). Smokers also had a higher mean CAT score (31.43 ± 4.204) than non-smokers (29.17 ± 4.508, p = 0.001). Lastly, socioeconomic status showed a significant difference, with most smokers from lower classes (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates significant differences between smoker and non-smoker COPD patients, with smokers exhibiting more severe lung function impairment, higher symptom burden, and frequent exacerbations. Non-smokers were primarily affected by biofuel exposure and environmental factors, indicating the need for targeted interventions in both groups to manage and prevent COPD.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

14. Systematic Review Article: Etiology of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Santoshkumar Ambulge, Trusha Arunrao Bondre, Dhaval Vyas, Kamal Kishore Bishnoi
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately 25% of the adult population. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to the more severe Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology of NAFLD is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD is insulin resistance, which promotes fat accumulation in the liver through increased de novo lipogenesis and impaired lipid oxidation. Other contributing factors include dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and dysregulation of the gut-liver axis. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding of the etiology of NAFLD, including key mechanisms and risk factors that drive disease development and progression. The review also highlights emerging research on the role of genetic predisposition and the gut microbiome in NAFLD.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

15. Study of Neck Shaft Angle of Femur in Dry Bones of Cadavers
Sudarshana Smita
Abstract
Background: The femur’s Neck shaft angle (NSA) plays a crucial role in determining biomechanical properties and susceptibility to fractures. Knowledge of NSA is essential in understanding and treating pathological conditions of the hip joint. Despite its clinical importance, there remains a dearth of comprehensive data regarding the range and distribution of NSA values in cadaveric specimens. Aims: This study aims to measure the NSA of femur bones in dry cadavers, compare them with the previous studies, and discuss their clinical importance. Materials and Methods: Sixty (60) dry femur bones from cadavers were meticulously examined between 31 August 2020 and 30 August 2023. Approval from the concerned ethical committee was taken before starting the study. The NSA (defined as the angle made by the long axis of the shaft and the long axis of the neck of the femur) was measured by drawing the long axes of the femoral shaft and neck of the femur on the white sheet using a pencil, scale, and sketch pen and the NSA was measured using a goniometer (Figure-3). The Statistical analysis was done to determine the mean, standard deviation, and range of NSA values within the sample population. The results of the present study were compared with the previous studies on this topic. Results: The mean neck shaft angle (NSA) observed in 60 dry femur bones of cadavers was 130.5 degrees, with a standard deviation of 6.2 degrees. The range of NSA values varied from 120.3 degrees to 140.8 degrees within the study population. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the neck shaft angle (NSA) of femur bones in dry cadavers, shedding light on anatomical variations. The observed range of NSA values underscores the importance of individualized surgical approaches in orthopedic procedures involving the femur.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

16. Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for Diagnosing Peripheral Fundus Pathologies: A Clinical Study
Chandan Pandurang Wani
Abstract
Background: Pathologies in the extreme periphery of the fundus often go undiagnosed with conventional imaging methods, potentially leading to mismanagement. Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) offers a high-resolution imaging modality to visualize subtle changes and structural abnormalities in these regions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of UBM in diagnosing pathological changes in the extreme periphery of the fundus. Material and Methods: A total of 120 patients were included in the study, conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital. Each participant underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and UBM assessment for peripheral fundus evaluation. Results: UBM identified peripheral retinal degenerations, vitreous detachments, and ciliary body abnormalities in 65%, 15%, and 10% of patients, respectively. The findings of UBM were significantly correlated with clinical examination and patient symptoms. Conclusion: UBM proves to be a valuable tool in identifying subtle pathologies in the extreme periphery of the fundus, which may not be detected by traditional diagnostic modalities. Early detection allows for timely management, potentially preventing further complications.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

17. Clinical Evaluation of Orthokeratology Lenses in Managing Progressive Myopia in Children
Chandan Pandurang Wani
Abstract
Background: Progressive myopia is a growing concern in pediatric ophthalmology, necessitating effective management strategies. Orthokeratology (OK) lenses have emerged as a potential solution, aiming to halt myopic progression through corneal reshaping. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of orthokeratology lenses in controlling progressive myopia in children and assess the associated clinical and laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 80 children diagnosed with progressive myopia in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital. Patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations, including visual acuity assessments, refractive error measurements, and corneal topography before and after wearing OK lenses for a duration of six months. Results: The study demonstrated significant reductions in both spherical equivalent and axial length measurements among participants. Visual acuity improved markedly, and corneal reshaping was evident in topographical analyses. Conclusion: Orthokeratology lenses are effective in managing progressive myopia in children, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional corrective methods.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

18. Management of Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning with Antioxidants
Dileep C. N., Abhijeet Matha, Narendra S.S.
Abstract
Background: The ingestion of Aluminium phosphide leads to considerable oxidative stress. In this study, we assessed the management of Aluminium phosphide poisoning in patients utilizing Glutathione, NAC, and MgSO4. Methods: This is prospective study included criteria comprised all subjects presenting with Aluminium phosphide poisoning. The treatment protocol involved administering antioxidant NAC, Glutathione, and MgSO4 to all patients. The incidence of secondary complications, such as multiorgan dysfunction syndrome as well as hepatic failure was evaluated. Results: A total of 30 patients were recruited. An increase was seen from day 1 to day 3 in Total Bilirubin (mean diff: -3.44); albumin (mean diff: -0.086); Globulin (mean diff:-0.103); aspartate aminotransferase (mean diff: -71.86); alanine aminotransferase (mean diff: -59.46) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (mean diff: -20.40) whereas, total leucocyte count, pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide showed decrease in the mean values from day 1 to day 3. There was an increase in direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, ALP, PO2, and Lactate from day 1 to day 3, but HCO3 showed a decrease in the values from day 1 to day 3. There was a statistically significant difference from day 3 to discharge with respect to TLC (p=0.001); Total Bilirubin (p=0.001); Albumin(p=0.006); AST (p=0.001); ALT (p=0.001); GGT (p=0.001); pH(p=0.001) and PCO2(p=0.001). Conclusion: The administration of N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, and magnesium sulphate as potential antioxidant therapy in Aluminium phosphide poisoning has demonstrated a reduction in the fatal outcome.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

19. A Study on Role of Intra Tympanic Steroids Vs oral Steroids on Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in A tertiary Care Centre
Arijit Das, Radheshyam Mahato, Sangeeth Prakash, Shuvam Gupta, Monideepa Sarkar, Soumendu Bhaumik, Manotosh Dutta
Abstract
Background: Sudden sensory-neural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as loss of hearing within 3 days, more than 30 dB in consecutive 3 frequencies. It is an otological emergency for which a definitive aetiology is unknown in most of the cases and treatment remains controversial. Prompt diagnosis and management have shown to improve hearing outcomes. Methods: In our study we assigned patients to 2 groups randomly selected from patients fulfilling the criteria of SSNHL. All the patients with SSHNL between the study periods were taken in the study. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria 60 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly (30 in each group). Group 1 patients were given intra tympanic steroids and group 2 patients were given oral steroids. Result: Our study showed that majority of the subjects reported hearing improved with intra tympanic steroids (90%), whereas, only 10% of the subjects reported hearing improved with oral steroids. These differences in proportions were statistically significant (p value<0.001). This study also showed that the duration of SSNHL and hearing at 4 weeks of the study was significantly correlated with more than duration of SSNHL. More the duration of SNHL less improved was the hearing at 4 weeks (p value <0.001). Conclusions: Our study showed better hearing outcome with intra tympanic steroids than with oral steroid with lesser side effects in cases of SSNHL. The specific action of steroids in the cochlea is uncertain but their use has been based on their ability to decrease inflammation and edema and in most of the cases there are improvements of hearing. Intra tympanic steroids can be given safely where oral or systemic steroids are contraindicated. This is safe and office based procedure.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Impact Factor: 2.041

Approved Journal