Background: Thyroid disorders are common during pregnancy. The availability of thyroid hormones is essential for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal growth and development. Overt hypothyroidism is associated with various obstetric and child development complications. Emerging research suggests that even mild thyroid dysfunction can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and maintenance of normal thyroid hormone levels can significantly reduce risks for both mother and fetus, ensuring a safer pregnancy and reducing complications. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 50 pregnant patients from the obstetric outpatient department of the Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) tests were performed during the first antenatal visit along with routine obstetrical examinations. Patients were monitored until delivery, with those diagnosed with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine treatment. Results: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in pregnant women, with a significant proportion of cases (50%) detected during pregnancy. The highest prevalence was observed in women aged 26-30, followed by 31-35. Early screening and diagnosis of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are crucial, with a majority of cases (48%) detected in the first trimester. Maternal hypothyroidism can increase the risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. Conclusions: Pregnant women should undergo thyroid function screening at their first outpatient visit to detect hypothyroidism and receive appropriate treatment to prevent maternal and fetal complications.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Background: Uveitis is a complex intraocular inflammatory condition with various etiological factors Anterior uveitis is the most common form of uveitis. The inflammation may be triggered by an infectious agent or trauma, but in some instances, it is suspected to have an autoimmune origin. This study aimed to assess the etiological patterns, treatment outcomes, and complications of anterior uveitis. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology. Patients aged 20-60 years presenting with anterior uveitis were included. Comprehensive clinical evaluations and investigations were carried out to determine the underlying causes. Patients received specific and non-specific treatments and were followed for 6 months. Complications were recorded. Results:  A total of 40 cases were included in the study. Most anterior uveitis cases occur in middle-aged adults (31-50 years), with fewer cases in younger and older age groups. There is no strong preference for the involvement of either the right or left eye, suggesting that anterior uveitis can affect both eyes with similar frequency. The most common cause of anterior uveitis is idiopathic, meaning the underlying cause remains unknown. However, other factors, including inflammatory conditions, infectious agents, and lens-related issues, can also contribute to the development of the disease. The specific management approach for anterior uveitis will depend on the underlying cause. Treatment may involve medications, corticosteroids, or in some cases, surgical intervention. Conclusion: The primary cause of anterior uveitis remained unidentified in many cases. Comprehensive examination and investigations are essential for accurate diagnosis. Timely treatment leads to favorable visual outcomes, though chronic and recurrent cases often result in ocular morbidity.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.